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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
            
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                    Introduction
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="../网络学习资源整理/">
            
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                    网络学习资源整理
            
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                    技术学习
            
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                    运维博客
            
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                    工具
            
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                    静态博客模板
            
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                    静态网站pages服务
            
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                    静态pages的CI和CD
            
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                    Hugo学习
            
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                    心灵鸡汤
            
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                    语录
            
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                    Linux
            
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                    Linux常用命令
            
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                    平时 linux 遇到的问题解决办法和扩展小知识
            
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                    Linux性能相关常用命令
            
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                    Linux各种安装下载慢解决方法
            
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                    APT 原理剖析、详解
            
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                    Linux 主机、虚拟机和docker网络配置
            
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                    Linux文件系统学习
            
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                    Linux用户和用户组管理
            
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                <a href="../Linux/Linux用户增删改等学习.html">
            
                    
                    Linux用户增删改等学习.md
            
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                <a href="../Linux/Linux程序存放目录.html">
            
                    
                    Linux程序存放目录.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../Linux/Linux编译安装软件包详解.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/Linux编译安装软件包详解.html">
            
                    
                    Linux C/C++ 软件包编译、安装原理详解
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../Linux/SSH详解.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/SSH详解.html">
            
                    
                    SSH 详解
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../Linux/Tomcat和Ngnix和Apache.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/Tomcat和Ngnix和Apache.html">
            
                    
                    Tomcat和Ngnix和Apache.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../Linux/UbuntuSoftwareInstall.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/UbuntuSoftwareInstall.html">
            
                    
                    Ubuntu 软件包安装
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../Linux/YAML-配置文件语言.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/YAML-配置文件语言.html">
            
                    
                    YAML 配置文件语言
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.16" data-path="../Linux/bin目录详解.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/bin目录详解.html">
            
                    
                    bin目录详解.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.17" data-path="../Linux/ffmpeg详解.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/ffmpeg详解.html">
            
                    
                    ffmpeg学习
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.18" data-path="../Linux/trans命令.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/trans命令.html">
            
                    
                    trans命令
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.19" data-path="../Linux/yum和rpm.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/yum和rpm.html">
            
                    
                    Yum 和 RPM
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.20" data-path="../Linux/从BashShell启动“窥探”Linux环境变量相关文件.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/从BashShell启动“窥探”Linux环境变量相关文件.html">
            
                    
                    Linux环境变量详解
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.21" data-path="../Linux/新创建主机常用初始化配置.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/新创建主机常用初始化配置.html">
            
                    
                    新建主机常用初始化配置
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.22" data-path="../Linux/正则表达式学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/正则表达式学习.html">
            
                    
                    正则表达式
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.23" data-path="../Linux/通过Linux开机启动项展开学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/通过Linux开机启动项展开学习.html">
            
                    
                    Linux开机启动项学习
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.24" data-path="../Linux/防火墙学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Linux/防火墙学习.html">
            
                    
                    防火墙学习笔记
            
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            </ul>
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../Python/">
            
                <a href="../Python/">
            
                    
                    Python
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../Python/BeautifulSoup.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Python3 BeautifulSoup 学习记录
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../Python/Django.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/Django.html">
            
                    
                    Python Django 学习笔记
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../Python/IPython使用技巧.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/IPython使用技巧.html">
            
                    
                    IPython 使用技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../Python/Numpy.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/Numpy.html">
            
                    
                    Python Numpy 学习
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../Python/Python小知识.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/Python小知识.html">
            
                    
                    Python 学习遇到的问题解决或扩展小知识
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../Python/Python模块管理总结.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/Python模块管理总结.html">
            
                    
                    Python 模块管理总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../Python/flask学习.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    Flask 学习
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8" data-path="../Python/matplotlib.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/matplotlib.html">
            
                    
                    matplotlib.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.9" data-path="../Python/re正则表达式.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/re正则表达式.html">
            
                    
                    re正则表达式.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.10" data-path="../Python/图形界面学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/图形界面学习.html">
            
                    
                    图形界面学习.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.11" data-path="../Python/常用图像库学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/常用图像库学习.html">
            
                    
                    Python3 常用图像库
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.12" data-path="../Python/进阶学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Python/进阶学习.html">
            
                    
                    Python3 进阶学习笔记
            
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        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../Shell/">
            
                <a href="../Shell/">
            
                    
                    Shell
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../Shell/shell小知识.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/shell小知识.html">
            
                    
                    Shell小知识
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../Shell/Shell奇淫技巧.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/Shell奇淫技巧.html">
            
                    
                    Shell奇淫技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../Shell/Linux文本操作三大利器-grep、sed、awk.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/Linux文本操作三大利器-grep、sed、awk.html">
            
                    
                    grep、sed、awk 详解
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../Shell/Shell文本处理常用工具补遗.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/Shell文本处理常用工具补遗.html">
            
                    
                    Shell文本处理常用工具补遗
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../Shell/句子解析.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/句子解析.html">
            
                    
                    句子解析
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="../Shell/识别是否是root用户.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/识别是否是root用户.html">
            
                    
                    识别是否是root用户
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="../Shell/识别系统.html">
            
                <a href="../Shell/识别系统.html">
            
                    
                    识别系统
            
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            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../Vim/">
            
                <a href="../Vim/">
            
                    
                    Vim
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../Vim/Vim小知识.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/Vim小知识.html">
            
                    
                    Vim小知识
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../Vim/Vim编辑器再学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/Vim编辑器再学习.html">
            
                    
                    Vim编辑器再学习
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../Vim/VimScript学习笔记.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/VimScript学习笔记.html">
            
                    
                    VimScript 学习笔记
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../Vim/YouCompleteMe安装.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/YouCompleteMe安装.html">
            
                    
                    YouCompleteMe安装
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../Vim/vimrc示例1.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/vimrc示例1.html">
            
                    
                    vimrc示例
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.6" data-path="../Vim/vimrc备份.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/vimrc备份.html">
            
                    
                    vimrc备份
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.7" data-path="../Vim/Tmux快捷键.html">
            
                <a href="../Vim/Tmux快捷键.html">
            
                    
                    Tmux快捷键
            
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            </ul>
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../Ansible/">
            
                <a href="../Ansible/">
            
                    
                    Ansible
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../Ansible/术语表.html">
            
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                    术语表
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../Ansible/Ansible必知单词.html">
            
                <a href="../Ansible/Ansible必知单词.html">
            
                    
                    Ansible 常用单词
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../Ansible/Ansible学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Ansible/Ansible学习.html">
            
                    
                    Ansible 学习笔记
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../Ansible/Ansible常用模板.html">
            
                <a href="../Ansible/Ansible常用模板.html">
            
                    
                    Ansible常用模板.md
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9" data-path="../Docker/">
            
                <a href="../Docker/">
            
                    
                    Docker
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.1" data-path="../Docker/Docker基础学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Docker/Docker基础学习.html">
            
                    
                    Docker 基础学习笔记
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.2" data-path="../Docker/Docker小知识.html">
            
                <a href="../Docker/Docker小知识.html">
            
                    
                    Docker 小知识
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../Docker/Docker必知单词.html">
            
                <a href="../Docker/Docker必知单词.html">
            
                    
                    Docker 学习中的单词
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../Git/">
            
                <a href="../Git/">
            
                    
                    Git
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.1" data-path="../Git/git学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Git/git学习.html">
            
                    
                    Git 学习笔记
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../Git/git小技巧.html">
            
                <a href="../Git/git小技巧.html">
            
                    
                    Git 小技巧
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../Zabbix/">
            
                <a href="../Zabbix/">
            
                    
                    Zabbix
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../Zabbix/Docker安装配置Zabbix.html">
            
                <a href="../Zabbix/Docker安装配置Zabbix.html">
            
                    
                    Docker 安装配置 Zabbix
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../Zabbix/术语单词.html">
            
                <a href="../Zabbix/术语单词.html">
            
                    
                    Zabbix 中常用单词
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../Zabbix/重置密码.html">
            
                <a href="../Zabbix/重置密码.html">
            
                    
                    重置 Zabbix 账户密码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../KVM/">
            
                <a href="../KVM/">
            
                    
                    KVM
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../KVM/安装配置.html">
            
                <a href="../KVM/安装配置.html">
            
                    
                    常用命令
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../KVM/虚拟机网络配置.html">
            
                <a href="../KVM/虚拟机网络配置.html">
            
                    
                    Bridged 桥接模式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../Mysql/">
            
                <a href="../Mysql/">
            
                    
                    Mysql
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../Mysql/Ubuntu安装Navicat.html">
            
                <a href="../Mysql/Ubuntu安装Navicat.html">
            
                    
                    Ubuntu 安装及配置 Navicat
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../Mysql/忘记root密码.html">
            
                <a href="../Mysql/忘记root密码.html">
            
                    
                    如何替换已忘记的 root 密码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../Nginx/">
            
                <a href="../Nginx/">
            
                    
                    Nginx
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../Nginx/Nginx学习笔记.html">
            
                <a href="../Nginx/Nginx学习笔记.html">
            
                    
                    Nginx 学习
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../NoClass/">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/">
            
                    
                    闲知
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../NoClass/容易读错的IT术语.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/容易读错的IT术语.html">
            
                    
                    容易读错的IT术语
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../NoClass/Linux-electron-tutorial.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/Linux-electron-tutorial.html">
            
                    
                    Linux electron 学习记录
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../NoClass/MarkdownSkills.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/MarkdownSkills.html">
            
                    
                    记录 Markdown 的各种小技巧
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../NoClass/RaspeberryPi.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/RaspeberryPi.html">
            
                    
                    使用树莓派 3B 遇到的问题
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.5" data-path="../NoClass/华为国产手机芯片SoC.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/华为国产手机芯片SoC.html">
            
                    
                    华为国产手机芯片SoC
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.6" data-path="../NoClass/图片格式详解及其对比.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/图片格式详解及其对比.html">
            
                    
                    图片格式详解及其对比
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.7" data-path="../NoClass/计算机小知识.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/计算机小知识.html">
            
                    
                    记录一些计算机的小知识
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.8" data-path="../NoClass/诗词.html">
            
                <a href="../NoClass/诗词.html">
            
                    
                    诗词
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16" data-path="../OS/">
            
                <a href="../OS/">
            
                    
                    OS
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.1" data-path="../OS/学习笔记.html">
            
                <a href="../OS/学习笔记.html">
            
                    
                    操作系统学习笔记
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.2" data-path="../OS/术语单词.html">
            
                <a href="../OS/术语单词.html">
            
                    
                    OS 专业词语解析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.3" data-path="../OS/SoCCPU.html">
            
                <a href="../OS/SoCCPU.html">
            
                    
                    SoC 与 CPU
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17" data-path="../Tomcat/">
            
                <a href="../Tomcat/">
            
                    
                    Tomcat
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.1" data-path="../Tomcat/Tomcat 学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Tomcat/Tomcat 学习.html">
            
                    
                    Tomcat 学习
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.2" data-path="../Tomcat/Tomcat学习.html">
            
                <a href="../Tomcat/Tomcat学习.html">
            
                    
                    Tomcat 学习
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18" data-path="../VPS/">
            
                <a href="../VPS/">
            
                    
                    VPS
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.1" data-path="../VPS/AWS_lightsail.html">
            
                <a href="../VPS/AWS_lightsail.html">
            
                    
                    AWS LightSail
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.2" data-path="../VPS/GCP_VM实例创建和基本配置.html">
            
                <a href="../VPS/GCP_VM实例创建和基本配置.html">
            
                    
                    GCP VM
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.3" data-path="../VPS/ECS和VPS等等.html">
            
                <a href="../VPS/ECS和VPS等等.html">
            
                    
                    ECS和VPS
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19" data-path="../ComputerComposition/">
            
                <a href="../ComputerComposition/">
            
                    
                    ComputerComposition
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.1" data-path="../ComputerComposition/学习笔记.html">
            
                <a href="../ComputerComposition/学习笔记.html">
            
                    
                    计算机组成原理学习笔记
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20" data-path="./">
            
                <a href="./">
            
                    
                    ComputerNetwork
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20.1" data-path="ProWords.html">
            
                <a href="ProWords.html">
            
                    
                    术语单词
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter active" data-level="1.20.2" data-path="学习笔记.html">
            
                <a href="学习笔记.html">
            
                    
                    计算机网络学习笔记
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20.3" data-path="小知识.html">
            
                <a href="小知识.html">
            
                    
                    学习计算机网络中的小知识
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20.4" data-path="../NoClass/浏览器架构简析.md">
            
                <span>
            
                    
                    浏览器架构简析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.21" data-path="../毕业论文/">
            
                <a href="../毕业论文/">
            
                    
                    毕业论文
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.21.1" data-path="../毕业论文/开题报告.html">
            
                <a href="../毕业论文/开题报告.html">
            
                    
                    开题报告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    

    

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<h2 id="osi-&#x6A21;&#x578B;---open-system-interconnection-reference-model---&#x5F00;&#x653E;&#x5F0F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6A21;&#x578B;"><a name="osi-&#x6A21;&#x578B;---open-system-interconnection-reference-model---&#x5F00;&#x653E;&#x5F0F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6A21;&#x578B;" class="plugin-anchor" href="#osi-&#x6A21;&#x578B;---open-system-interconnection-reference-model---&#x5F00;&#x653E;&#x5F0F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6A21;&#x578B;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>OSI &#x6A21;&#x578B; - Open System Interconnection Reference Model - &#x5F00;&#x653E;&#x5F0F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6A21;&#x578B;</h2>
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<img src="images/OSI.jpg"><br>OSI &#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;
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<img src="images/&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;.jpg"><br>OSI &#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5728;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;
</div>

<blockquote>
<p>&#x4E24;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x8005;&#x5230;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x8005;&#x7AEF;&#x4ECE;&#x7B2C;&#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x5230;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5230;&#x8FDC;&#x7AEF;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x4ECE;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x5230;&#x7B2C;&#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#xFF08;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x89E3;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Application Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x90AE;&#x7BB1;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; POP3&#xFF0C;SMTP&#x3001;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x767B;&#x5F55;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; Telnet&#x3001;&#x83B7;&#x53D6; IP &#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7684; DHCP&#x3001;&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7684; DNS&#x3001;&#x7F51;&#x9875;&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x7684; http &#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x7B49;&#xFF1B;&#x8FD9;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x89C4;&#x5B9A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x53BB;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x670D;&#x52A1;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Presentation Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x5C55;&#x73B0;&#xFF08;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#xFF09;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x91C7;&#x6837;&#x3001;&#x91CF;&#x5316;&#x3001;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x4E3A; RMVB&#x3001;AVI&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x5F20;&#x56FE;&#x7247;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x662F; JPEG&#x3001;BMP&#x3001;PNG &#x7B49;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x4F1A;&#x8BDD;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Session Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x5728;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x3001;&#x7EF4;&#x6301;&#x548C;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#xFF1A;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4F1A;&#x8BDD;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x7545;&#x901A;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x88AB;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x65F6;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x4ECE;&#x4F55;&#x5904;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x53D1;&#x9001;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Transport Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x5C06;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;/&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65A9;&#x4EF6;&#x5206;&#x6210;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5C0F;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x5BF9;&#x7AEF;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x540E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6309;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x91CD;&#x7EC4;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x8BE5;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#x53CA;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B; QOS&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF09;</li>
<li>&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x548C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF08; WWW &#x7AEF;&#x53E3; 80 &#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;TCP&#xFF08;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x4F4E;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6027;&#x5F3A;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6027;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x9AD8;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x91CF;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;UDP&#xFF08;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x62A5;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E; TCP &#x7279;&#x6027;&#x6070;&#x6070;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6027;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x4E0D;&#x9AD8;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x91CF;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x5982; QQ &#x804A;&#x5929;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x7684;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C; &#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x4ECE;&#x4E0B;&#x5C42;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5206;&#x6BB5;&#x548C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#xFF0C;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x91CD;&#x7EC4;&#xFF0C;&#x5E38;&#x5E38;&#x628A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x6BB5;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Network Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x9009;&#x8DEF;&#xFF0C;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x672C;&#x6B21;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF08;http&#x3001;ftp&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x53CA;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#xFF08; IP &#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;</li>
<li>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x5728;&#x6E90;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x548C;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x6240;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#xFF0C;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5668;&#x5728;&#x8BE5;&#x5C42;&#x3002;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x6709;&#xFF1A;IP&#x3001;ICMP&#xFF08;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x62A5;&#x6587;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF09;&#x3001;ARP&#xFF08;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF09;&#x3001;RARP&#xFF08;&#x53CD;&#x5411;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF09;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x94FE;&#x8DEF;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Datalink Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x4E0E; MAC &#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x505A;&#x5206;&#x7EC4;&#xFF08;VLAN&#xFF09;&#x9694;&#x79BB;&#x3001;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x3001;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#xFF08; MAC &#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;</li>
<li>&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8BA9;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8BA9;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5BF9;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x8FD8;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x548C;&#x7EA0;&#x6B63;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#xFF08;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x673A;&#x3001;&#x7F51;&#x6865;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#xFF08; Physical Layer &#xFF09;<ul>
<li>&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x7F51;&#x7EBF;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x5149;&#x7EA4;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x901F;&#x7387;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x662F;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x6BD4;&#x7279;&#x6D41;&#xFF08;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7531; 1&#x3001;0 &#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x7535;&#x6D41;&#x5F3A;&#x5F31;&#x6765;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#xFF0C;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x540E;&#x5728;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A; 1&#x3001;0&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E38;&#x8BF4;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x6A21;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x4E0E;&#x6A21;&#x6570;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x6BD4;&#x7279;&#xFF0C;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x662F; bit &#x6BD4;&#x7279;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>OSI &#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x5F02;&#x79CD;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E92;&#x8FDE;&#x65F6;&#x6240;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x6027;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x6700;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3001;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x548C;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x8FD9;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x5730;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x5F00;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E03;&#x4E2A;&#x5C42;&#x6B21;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4F7F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x8BAF;</li>
<li>OSI &#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x6240;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5F80;&#x5F80;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5C42;&#x88AB;&#x6574;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5C42;&#x53BB;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982; TCP/IP &#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x662F; OSI &#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D53;&#x7F29;&#x7248;&#x672C;</li>
<li>&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x4E03;&#x5C42;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E32; 0&#x3001;1 &#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#x8BDE;&#x751F;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#x662F;&#x5149;&#x7EA4;&#x3001;&#x7535;&#x7F06;&#x3001;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x6C14;&#xFF0C;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x5149;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3001;&#x7535;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3001;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5728;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#xFF08;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x91CC;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#xFF0C;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x82E5;&#x5E72;&#x4E2A;&#x4E2D;&#x7EE7;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x673A;&#xFF08;&#x94FE;&#x8DEF;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x3001;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x82E5;&#x5E72;&#x4E2A;&#x4E2D;&#x7EE7;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5668;&#xFF08;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x8F6C;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x7EC8;&#x70B9;</li>
<li>&#x7ECF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E86;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x5C42;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x524D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E32;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x5934;</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="tcpip-&#x6A21;&#x578B;"><a name="tcpip-&#x6A21;&#x578B;" class="plugin-anchor" href="#tcpip-&#x6A21;&#x578B;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>TCP/IP &#x6A21;&#x578B;</h2>
<div align="center">
<img src="images/ositcpip.jpeg"><br>TCP/IP &#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x56FE;
</div>

<div align="center">
<img src="images/ositcpip&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;.png"><br>TCP/IP &#x4E0E; OSI &#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x56FE;
</div>

<h2 id="http-&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7801;"><a name="http-&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7801;" class="plugin-anchor" href="#http-&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7801;"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>HTTP &#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7801;</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>HTTP &#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6307;&#x793A;&#x7279;&#x5B9A; <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-cn/HTTP" target="_blank">HTTP</a> &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5DF2;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E94;&#x7C7B;&#xFF1A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;(<code>100</code>&#x2013;<code>199</code>)&#xFF0C;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;(<code>200</code>&#x2013;<code>299</code>)&#xFF0C;&#x91CD;&#x5B9A;&#x5411;(<code>300</code>&#x2013;<code>399</code>)&#xFF0C;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;(<code>400</code>&#x2013;<code>499</code>)&#x548C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x9519;&#x8BEF; (<code>500</code>&#x2013;<code>599</code>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
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